Robert George Wyndham Herbert led the first elected government as Premier. On 22 May , Queensland Parliament opened for the first time. Immigration, communications and development issues broadly occupied Queensland's early politics. The railway network extended as towns demanded their own link. One of the earliest decisions of the new parliament was to increase the population of the new colony as rapidly as possible.
A land-order system was devised to attract new settlers. Over the next 3 years, nearly 25, people landed in Queensland attracted by the idea of owning land. The discovery of payable gold near Rockhampton was one of many discoveries that encouraged development in Queensland and helped to protect the state from the effects of the Depression. Queensland pioneered the state secondary education system in the early s when the government subsidised municipalities to set up grammar schools—the first free education in Australia.
In , Queensland Treasury banknotes were issued for the first time. The Constitution Act defined the formal institutions of government including parliament and the executive government.
By the late 's Brisbane was the main centre of commerce and the capital of the colony of Queensland and it was beginning to develop its own distinctive architecture and culture. The city grew steadily until World War II when it become the main allied headquarters in the South Pacific and an influx of Australian and American servicemen stretched the population to three quarters of a million.
Industry flourished and continued to boom post war and Brisbane firmly staked its claim as the third largest city in the country. The Commonwealth Games were hosted in Brisbane and the city received a massive infrastructure and sporting facilities boost as a result. These people had lived in the area for around 50, years.
By years of terrifying warfare and enslavement had greatly reduced the Aboriginal population. The remaining Aboriginals were herded on to reserves on the outskirts of Brisbane where they were forced to live under the restrictive rules imposed by white government.
Brisbane was first settled by Europeans to be used as a penal settlement where Sydney offloaded its worst convicts. The Moreton Bay Penal settlement was established first in Redcliffe and three months later in an area now known as North Quay.
The new site was chosen for its proximity to the Brisbane River, which supplied the settlement with an important and reliable water supply. Alan Cunninghams discovery of a route to the fertile Darling Downs in , the commercial pressure to develop a pastoral industry, and increasing reliance on Australian wool, as well as the expense of transporting goods from Sydney, were the major factors contributing to the opening of the region to free settlement.
An early group of Lutheran missionaries from Germany were granted land in what is now the north side suburb of Nundah. In the first three surveyors, Dixon, Stapylton and Warner arrived in Moreton Bay to prepare the land for greater numbers of European settlers. From the s, settlers took advantage of the abundance of timber in local forests. Once cleared, land was quickly utilized for grazing and other farming activities. The convict colony eventually closed.
The free settlers did not recognise local aboriginal ownership and were not required to provide compensation to the Turrbul aboriginals. Some serious affrays and conflicts ensued-most notably resistance activities of Yilbung, Dundalli, Ommuli, and others.
Yilbung, in particular, sought to extract regular rents from the white population on which to sustain his people, whose resources had been heavily depleted by the settlers. By , many of the Turrbul had died from gunshot or disease, but the Moreton Bay Courier makes frequent mention of local indigenous people who were working and living in the district. In fact, between the s and s, the settlement relied increasingly on goods obtained by trade with aboriginals-firewood, fish, crab, shellfish-and services they provided such as water-carrying, tree-cutting, fencing, ring-barking, stock work and ferrying.
Some Turrbul escaped the region with the help of Thomas Petrie, who gave his name to the suburb of Petrie in the Moreton Bay region north of Brisbane. Development of the colony of Queensland Brisbanes first mayor was John Petrie.
On 6 September , the Municipality of Brisbane was proclaimed. The next month, polling for the first council was conducted. John Petrie was elected the first mayor of Brisbane. Originally the neighbouring city of Ipswich was intended to be the capital of Queensland, but it proved to be too far inland to allow access by large ships, so Brisbane was chosen instead.
But it was not until that Brisbane was officially designated a city. The Black February floods caused severe flooding in the region and devastated the city. Raging flood waters destroyed the first of several versions of the Victoria Bridge. Even though gold was discovered north of Brisbane, around Maryborough and Gympie, most of the proceeds went south to Sydney and Melbourne.
The city remained an underdeveloped regional outpost, with comparatively little of the classical Victorian architecture that characterized southern cities. A demonstration of electric lighting of lamp posts along Queen Street in was the first recorded use of electricity for public purposes in the world. First horse-drawn, then electric trams operated in Brisbane from until Tramway employees stood down for wearing union badges on 18 January sparked Australias first General strike, the Brisbane General Strike which lasted for five weeks.
In an effort to prevent overcrowding and control urban development, the Parliament of Queensland passed the Undue Subdivision of Land Prevention Act , preventing congestion in Queensland cities relative to others in Australia.
This legislation, in addition to the construction of efficient public transport in the form of steam trains and electric trams, encouraged urban sprawl.
Although the initial tram routes reached out into established suburbs such as West End, Fortitude Valley, New Farm, and Newstead, later extensions and new routes encouraged housing developments in new suburbs, such as the western side of Toowong, Paddington, Ashgrove, Kelvin Grove and Coorparoo.
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